References

 

This page contains a list of important resources for homeowner rights advocates, including internet sites and email lists; books on HOAs as private governments; and court cases.

 

Email lists and web sites

American Homeowners Resource Center           

http://ahrcnews.com/

 

Citizens Against Private Government HOAs, Inc

http://pvtgov.org

pvtgov@cs.com

 

Cyber Citizens For Justice, Inc

http://www.ccfj.net

 

Consumers for Housing Choice

http://www.consumersforhousingchoice.org

 

HOA Network

http://starman.com/HOA

hoanet-subscribe@yahoogroups.com

 

Homeowner Associations – advocacy

hoas@yahoogroups.com

 

Homeowners Associations: A Dream or A Nightmare Come True by  Joni Greenwalt

 http://www.homeownerassoc.com

 

On The Commons - live radio talk on the Internet (email for current HOA schedule) onthecommons@cox.net

http://www.onthecommons.org

 

Privatopia.info – get the latest developments and news relating to HOAs from a highly knowledgeable source.

http://privatopia.info

 

Property Rights Foundation

http://www.propertyrightstexas.com

 

 

Book References

 Buyers Guide to Living in a Community Association, George K. Staropoli, ed, Citizens Against Private Government HOAs, 2002

 

Common Interest Communities: Private Governments and the Public Interest, Barton & Silverman, eds, Institute of Governmental Studies Press, Univ of California, Berkeley, 1994

 

Community Associations: The Emergence and Acceptance of a Quiet Innovation in Housing, Donald R. Stabile, Greenwood Press, 2000

 

"The Constitution and Private Government: Toward the Recognition of Constitutional Rights in Private Residential Communities Fifty Years After Marsh v. Alabama," Steven Siegel, William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal 461 (1998) Volume 6, Issue 2, Spring 1998, pages 461-563.

 

Fortress America: Gated Communities in the United States, Blakely & Synder, Brookings Institute, 1999

 

Neighborhood Politics: Residential Community Associations in American Governance, Robert J. Dilger, New York University Press, 1992

 

Privatopia: Homeowners Associations and the Rise of Residential Private Government, Dr. Evan McKenzie, Yale University Press, 1994

 

 

Court Cases

 

Villa Milano Homeowners Assn. v. Il Davorge (2000) 84 Cal.App.4th 819, 826

The California Court of Appeal ruled CID CC&RS are contracts.

 

Lee v. Katz, Case #: 00-35755 Citation: 2002 DJDAR 373 US 9th Court of Appeals,1/10/02

State action may be found when private individuals or groups are endowed with governmental powers or functions because they in turn become state agencies or instrumentality's

 

BRENTWOOD ACADEMY v. TENNESSEE SECONDARY SCHOOL ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION et al, case no 99-901, US SC

we have found a private organization's acts to constitute state action only when the organization performed a public function; was created, coerced, or encouraged by the government.

 

PARDEE CONSTRUCTION COMPANY v. IVAN ERNESTO RODRIGUEZ et al, Super. Ct. No. GIC769966) THE SUPERIOR COURT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY, D039273

Issues on unconscionable contracts, adhesion contracts and good public policy (not directly involving HOA)

.,

James Foley v. Osborne Court Condominium et al. 97-522-Appeal. 724 A.2d 436; 1999 R.I.

RI Supreme Court  remanded this case to the Superior Court for findings on whether the plaintiffs constitutional rights in this case were violated by the provisions of the 1982 Condominium Act that authorize a condominium association to foreclose on property without the necessity of a judicial proceeding.

 

Unit Owners Assoc v, Gillman 223 VA 752 (1982)

whereby the Virginia Supreme Court held that the power to fine is a governmental power

 

Villa De Las Palmas Homeowners Association v. Paula Terifaj 2002 DJDAR 11230

We affirm the judgment in its entirety, finding that the restrictions contained in the amended declaration constitute enforceable equitable servitudes that are presumptively reasonable under Civil Code section 1354

 

 

Arizona Cases --

 

Duffy v. Sunburst Farms East Mutual Water &Agricultural Co., Inc 124 Ariz 413, 604 P 2d 1124 (1979)

Words in the CC&Rs to be taken as to their common everyday meanings

 

Caron v. Maxwell, 48 F. Supp. 2d 932 (D. Ariz. 1999)

 A homeowner sued under the FDCPA, alleging that the HOA’s lawyer was a debt collector

 

Ahwatukee Custome Estates Management Assn, Inc v. Bach, 196Ariz 631, 633-634, 2 P 3d, 1276, 1278-79 (Ariz App Div 1 2000) and Arizona Biltmore Estates Assn v. Tezak, 177 Ariz 447, 448, 868 P 2d 1030, 1031 (1993)

CC&Rs and bylaws as binding contract between the association and the individual homeowner

 

PATRICIA GFELLER and RICHARD GFELLER v. THE SCOTTSDALE VISTA NORTH  TOWNHOMES ASSOCIATION 1 CA-CV 98-0010, COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF ARIZONA DIVISION ONE 

We reverse the trial court's declaratory judgment in favor of the Association. We find that the CC&Rs impose an affirmative duty upon the Association to enforce the drainage requirements of the CC&Rs, which duty is not negated by provisions that permit the Association to select among alternative methods of enforcement.

 

Bryceland v. Northey, 160 Ariz. 213, 215, 772 P.2d 36, 38 (App. 1989).

We interpret written CC&Rs de novo where, as here, there is no extrinsic evidence of the drafter's intent. 

 

Hamberlin v.Townsend, 76 Ariz. 191, 196, 261 P.2d 1003, 1006 (1953)

We will, if possible, interpret a contract in such a way as to reconcile and give meaning to all of its terms, if reconciliation can be accomplished by any reasonable interpretation.

 

Mcloughlin v Pima County, 2 CA-VA 2001-0198, Arizona Appeals Court

In a case relating to the constitutionality of zoning ordinances, the court states the restrictions on delegating legislative powers and obligations.